How is delirium defined?

Delirium is defined as an acute change in mental status, which emphasizes its sudden onset and pronounced impact on cognitive function. This condition often manifests with confusion, disorientation, and difficulty focusing, making it significantly different from chronic or long-term cognitive impairments. Delirium is usually temporary and can arise from a variety of factors such as infections, metabolic imbalances, medications, or substance withdrawal.

The focus on "acute" underscores the rapid development of symptoms, distinguishing it from chronic conditions that evolve slowly over time. Understanding delirium is crucial as it is a medical emergency needing prompt diagnosis and treatment to address the underlying causes and improve patient outcomes. This definition highlights the transient nature of delirium compared to other cognitive issues that may be permanent or progressive.